Muerte súbita cardíaca relacionada con el deporte
Resumen
La Muerte Súbita Cardíaca (MSC) relacionada con el deporte, es un evento catastrófico que representa del 75 al 80 % de las muertes en atletas jóvenes ocurridas durante la competencia o el entrenamiento. Se han hecho muchos estudios sobre la MSC en la población general, sin embargo, en el ámbito deportivo quedan muchos aspectos por esclarecer, desde su real incidencia y epidemiología, la utilidad en la aplicación de diferentes criterios en la evaluación precompetitiva, hasta la supervivencia a una parada cardíaca. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de realizar una actualización acerca de la MSC en el ámbito deportivo, a través de una búsqueda sistemática y lectura crítica de documentos sobre la epidemiología, fisiopatología y principales causas de muerte súbita cardíaca relacionadas con el deporte, así como estrategias de cribado y métodos preventivos en la práctica deportiva.
Palabras clave: muerte súbita cardíaca, atletas, deporte, paro cardíaco.
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1-Asmundis C, Brugada P. Epidemiología de la muerte súbita cardiaca. Rev Esp Cardiol Suppl. 2013; 13 (13): 2-6.
2-Priori S, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Mazzanti A, Blom N, Borggrefe M, Camm J, et al. Guía ESC 2015 sobre el tratamiento de pacientes con arritmias ventriculares y prevención de la muerte súbita cardiaca. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2016; 69(2): 176.e1-e77.
3-Sarkozy A, Chierchia G, Rodríguez M, Brugada P. Muerte súbita cardiaca en las cardiopatías estructurales. Rev Esp Cardiol Suppl. 2013; 13(A):7-13.
4-Mohananey D, Masri A, Desai R, Dalal S, Phelan D, Kanj M, et al. Global Incidence of Sports-Related Sudden Cardiac Death. Jornal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017; 69 (21): 0735-1097.
5-Iglesias D. Muerte súbita en el deporte. Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires. 2016; 36(3).
6-Vora A, Burkule N, Contractor A, Bhargava K. Prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes, sports persons and marathoners in India. Indian Heart Journal. 2018; 70: 137-145.
7-Yañez F. Síndrome corazón de atleta: historia, manifestaciones morfológicas e implicaciones clínicas. Rev Chil Cardiol 2012; 31: 215-225.
8- Irfan M, Kimberly G . Incidence and Etiology of Sudden Cardiac Death: New Updates for Athletic Departments Sports Health . Salud del deporte. 2017; 9(3): 268-279.
9- Wasfy M, Hutter A, Weiner R. Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2016; 12(2): 76-80.
10-Garita E. Motivos de participación y satisfacción en la actividad física, el ejercicio físico y el deporte. Revista MH Salud. 2006; 3 (1).
11-Pinedo M. El deporte de alto rendimiento no siempre significa salud. [acceso el 20 de marzo de 2019]. Disponible en: https://listindiario.com
12- Evéquoz D , Zuber M , Erne P . Sudden cardiac death: definition, mechanisms and risk factors. [acceso el 20 de marzo de 2019]. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed
13-Solberg EE, Borjesson M, Sharma S. Sport Cardiology Section of the EACPR of the ESC. Sudden cardiac arrest in sports need for uniform registration: A Position Paper from the Sport Cardiology Section of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016; 23(6):657-67.
14-De la Guía F. Incidencia de muerte súbita cardíaca en atletas. [acceso el 20 de septiembre de 2018]. Disponible en: http://www.cardiologia deportiva.blogspot.com
15-Lee D, Chung E. Detecting occult cardiac disease in athletes: history that makes a difference. ACC. Sports Participation and Sudden Cardiac Arrest. [acceso el 12 de enero de 2019]. Disponible en: https://www.acc.org/cardiology/
16-Lawless CE, Asplund C, Asif IM. Protecting the heart of the American athlete: Proceedings of the American College of Cardiology Sports and Exercise Cardiology Think Tank. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; (64):2146-2171.
17-Emery M, Kovacs R. Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes. JAAC 2018; 6 (1): 30-40
18-Asif I, Mar 06, 2018 | Kimberly G Harmon, MD ; Harmon K, MD , Jonathan Drezner Drezner J. Incidence and Etiology of Sudden Cardiac Death: New Updates for Athletic Departments Sports Health . 2017; 9 (3): 268-279.
19-Vora A, Burkule N, Contractor A, Bhargava K. Prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes, sports persons and marathoners in India. Indian Heart Journal. 2018; 70: 137-145.
20-Maron B, Haas T, Murphy C, Ahluwalia A, Rutten-Ramos S. Incidence and causes of sudden death in U.S. college athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 63(16):1636-43.
21-Corrado D, Basso C, Pavei A, Michieli P , Schiavon M , Thiene G . Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a preparticipation screening program. JAMA. 2006; 296(13):1593-601.
22-Suárez P, Aguilera B. Causas de muerte súbita asociada al deporte en España. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2002; 55 (4): 347-58.
23- Chapman J , Elliott P . Cardiovascular effects of static and dynamic exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1988; 58(1-2):152-7.
24- Borrione P, Quaranta F, Ciminelli E. Paolo Borrione, Federico Quaranta, Emanuela Ciminelli, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00194 Rome, Italy
Author contributions: Quaranta F and Ciminelli E contributed equally in writing the article and in reviewing the literature; Borrione P contributed in the conception, design, writing and final approval of the article.
Correspondence to: Paolo Borrione, MD, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00194 Rome, Italy. mailto:dev@null
Telephone: +39-6-36733569 Fax: +39-6-36733344
Pre-participation screening for the prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes. World J Methodol. 2013; 3(1): 1-6.
25- Schmehil C, Malhotra D, Patel D. Cardiac screening to prevent sudden death in young athletes. Transl Pediatr. 2017; 6(3): 199-206.
26- Neilan T , Yoerger D , Douglas P , Marshall J , Halpern E , Lawlor D , et al. Persistent and reversible cardiac dysfunction among amateur marathon runners. Eur Heart J. 2006; 27(9):1079-84.
27-Thygesen K, Uretsky B. Acute ischaemia as a trigger of sudden cardiac death. European Heart Journal Supplements. 2004; 6 (1): 88-90.
28-Emery M, Kovacs R. Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes. JAAC 2018; 6 (1): 30-40.
29- Wasfy M, Hutter A, Weiner R. Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2016; 12(2): 76-80.
30-Finocchiaro G, Papadakis M, Robertus JL, et al. Etiology of sudden death in sports: insights from a United Kingdom regional registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016; 67: 2108-2115.
31-ChatardJ, MujikaI,Goiriena J, Carré F. Screening young athletes for prevention of sudden cardiac death: Practical recommendations for sports physicians. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 26(4):362-74.
32-Senatra P. Corazón de Atleta y Electrocardiografía. Hacia una Interpretación Racional. [acceso el 24 de febrero de 2019]. Disponible en: https://studyres.com/doc
33-Maron B, Friedman R, Kligfield P. Assessment of the 12-lead electrocardiogram as a screening test for detection of cardiovascular disease in healthy general populations of young people (12-25 years of age): a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64:1479-514.
34-Harmon KG, Zigman M, Drezner JA. The effectiveness of screening history, physical exam, and ECG to detect potentially lethal cardiac disorders in athletes: a systematic review/meta-analysis. J Electriocardiol 2015; 48: 329-38.
35-Drezner J, Ackerman M, Anderson J, Ashley E, Asplund C, Baggish A, et al. Electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes: the Seatle Criteria. Br J Sports Med. 2013; 47: 122-124.
36-Borjesson M, Urhausen A, Kouidi E, Dugmore D, Sharma S, Halle M, Heidbuchel H, Bjornstad HH, Gielen S, Mezzani A, Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Vanhees L. Cardiovascular evaluation of middle-aged/senior individuals engaged in leisuretime sport activities: position stand from the sections of exercise physiology and sports cardiology of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2011; 18: 446-58.
37-Link M, Myerburg R, Estes N. Eligibility and disqualification recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: task force 12: emergency action plans, resuscitation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and automated external defibrillators: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66: 2434-8.
38-Mosterd A. Pre-participation screening of asymptomatic athletes. "Don't do stupidstuff". Neth Heart J. 2018; 26(3): 123-126.
39-Rodríguez H, Muñoz M, Márquez M, Pozas G, Asensio E, Ortiz F, et al. Muerte súbita cardiaca. Estratificación de riesgo, prevención y tratamiento. Arch Cardiol Mex.2015; 85(4): 329-336.
2-Priori S, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Mazzanti A, Blom N, Borggrefe M, Camm J, et al. Guía ESC 2015 sobre el tratamiento de pacientes con arritmias ventriculares y prevención de la muerte súbita cardiaca. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2016; 69(2): 176.e1-e77.
3-Sarkozy A, Chierchia G, Rodríguez M, Brugada P. Muerte súbita cardiaca en las cardiopatías estructurales. Rev Esp Cardiol Suppl. 2013; 13(A):7-13.
4-Mohananey D, Masri A, Desai R, Dalal S, Phelan D, Kanj M, et al. Global Incidence of Sports-Related Sudden Cardiac Death. Jornal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017; 69 (21): 0735-1097.
5-Iglesias D. Muerte súbita en el deporte. Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires. 2016; 36(3).
6-Vora A, Burkule N, Contractor A, Bhargava K. Prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes, sports persons and marathoners in India. Indian Heart Journal. 2018; 70: 137-145.
7-Yañez F. Síndrome corazón de atleta: historia, manifestaciones morfológicas e implicaciones clínicas. Rev Chil Cardiol 2012; 31: 215-225.
8- Irfan M, Kimberly G . Incidence and Etiology of Sudden Cardiac Death: New Updates for Athletic Departments Sports Health . Salud del deporte. 2017; 9(3): 268-279.
9- Wasfy M, Hutter A, Weiner R. Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2016; 12(2): 76-80.
10-Garita E. Motivos de participación y satisfacción en la actividad física, el ejercicio físico y el deporte. Revista MH Salud. 2006; 3 (1).
11-Pinedo M. El deporte de alto rendimiento no siempre significa salud. [acceso el 20 de marzo de 2019]. Disponible en: https://listindiario.com
12- Evéquoz D , Zuber M , Erne P . Sudden cardiac death: definition, mechanisms and risk factors. [acceso el 20 de marzo de 2019]. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed
13-Solberg EE, Borjesson M, Sharma S. Sport Cardiology Section of the EACPR of the ESC. Sudden cardiac arrest in sports need for uniform registration: A Position Paper from the Sport Cardiology Section of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016; 23(6):657-67.
14-De la Guía F. Incidencia de muerte súbita cardíaca en atletas. [acceso el 20 de septiembre de 2018]. Disponible en: http://www.cardiologia deportiva.blogspot.com
15-Lee D, Chung E. Detecting occult cardiac disease in athletes: history that makes a difference. ACC. Sports Participation and Sudden Cardiac Arrest. [acceso el 12 de enero de 2019]. Disponible en: https://www.acc.org/cardiology/
16-Lawless CE, Asplund C, Asif IM. Protecting the heart of the American athlete: Proceedings of the American College of Cardiology Sports and Exercise Cardiology Think Tank. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; (64):2146-2171.
17-Emery M, Kovacs R. Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes. JAAC 2018; 6 (1): 30-40
18-Asif I, Mar 06, 2018 | Kimberly G Harmon, MD ; Harmon K, MD , Jonathan Drezner Drezner J. Incidence and Etiology of Sudden Cardiac Death: New Updates for Athletic Departments Sports Health . 2017; 9 (3): 268-279.
19-Vora A, Burkule N, Contractor A, Bhargava K. Prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes, sports persons and marathoners in India. Indian Heart Journal. 2018; 70: 137-145.
20-Maron B, Haas T, Murphy C, Ahluwalia A, Rutten-Ramos S. Incidence and causes of sudden death in U.S. college athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 63(16):1636-43.
21-Corrado D, Basso C, Pavei A, Michieli P , Schiavon M , Thiene G . Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a preparticipation screening program. JAMA. 2006; 296(13):1593-601.
22-Suárez P, Aguilera B. Causas de muerte súbita asociada al deporte en España. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2002; 55 (4): 347-58.
23- Chapman J , Elliott P . Cardiovascular effects of static and dynamic exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1988; 58(1-2):152-7.
24- Borrione P, Quaranta F, Ciminelli E. Paolo Borrione, Federico Quaranta, Emanuela Ciminelli, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00194 Rome, Italy
Author contributions: Quaranta F and Ciminelli E contributed equally in writing the article and in reviewing the literature; Borrione P contributed in the conception, design, writing and final approval of the article.
Correspondence to: Paolo Borrione, MD, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00194 Rome, Italy. mailto:dev@null
Telephone: +39-6-36733569 Fax: +39-6-36733344
Pre-participation screening for the prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes. World J Methodol. 2013; 3(1): 1-6.
25- Schmehil C, Malhotra D, Patel D. Cardiac screening to prevent sudden death in young athletes. Transl Pediatr. 2017; 6(3): 199-206.
26- Neilan T , Yoerger D , Douglas P , Marshall J , Halpern E , Lawlor D , et al. Persistent and reversible cardiac dysfunction among amateur marathon runners. Eur Heart J. 2006; 27(9):1079-84.
27-Thygesen K, Uretsky B. Acute ischaemia as a trigger of sudden cardiac death. European Heart Journal Supplements. 2004; 6 (1): 88-90.
28-Emery M, Kovacs R. Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes. JAAC 2018; 6 (1): 30-40.
29- Wasfy M, Hutter A, Weiner R. Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2016; 12(2): 76-80.
30-Finocchiaro G, Papadakis M, Robertus JL, et al. Etiology of sudden death in sports: insights from a United Kingdom regional registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016; 67: 2108-2115.
31-ChatardJ, MujikaI,Goiriena J, Carré F. Screening young athletes for prevention of sudden cardiac death: Practical recommendations for sports physicians. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 26(4):362-74.
32-Senatra P. Corazón de Atleta y Electrocardiografía. Hacia una Interpretación Racional. [acceso el 24 de febrero de 2019]. Disponible en: https://studyres.com/doc
33-Maron B, Friedman R, Kligfield P. Assessment of the 12-lead electrocardiogram as a screening test for detection of cardiovascular disease in healthy general populations of young people (12-25 years of age): a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64:1479-514.
34-Harmon KG, Zigman M, Drezner JA. The effectiveness of screening history, physical exam, and ECG to detect potentially lethal cardiac disorders in athletes: a systematic review/meta-analysis. J Electriocardiol 2015; 48: 329-38.
35-Drezner J, Ackerman M, Anderson J, Ashley E, Asplund C, Baggish A, et al. Electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes: the Seatle Criteria. Br J Sports Med. 2013; 47: 122-124.
36-Borjesson M, Urhausen A, Kouidi E, Dugmore D, Sharma S, Halle M, Heidbuchel H, Bjornstad HH, Gielen S, Mezzani A, Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Vanhees L. Cardiovascular evaluation of middle-aged/senior individuals engaged in leisuretime sport activities: position stand from the sections of exercise physiology and sports cardiology of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2011; 18: 446-58.
37-Link M, Myerburg R, Estes N. Eligibility and disqualification recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: task force 12: emergency action plans, resuscitation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and automated external defibrillators: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66: 2434-8.
38-Mosterd A. Pre-participation screening of asymptomatic athletes. "Don't do stupidstuff". Neth Heart J. 2018; 26(3): 123-126.
39-Rodríguez H, Muñoz M, Márquez M, Pozas G, Asensio E, Ortiz F, et al. Muerte súbita cardiaca. Estratificación de riesgo, prevención y tratamiento. Arch Cardiol Mex.2015; 85(4): 329-336.
Publicado
2020-10-09
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1.
Cisneros Sánchez LG, Carrazana Garcés E, Martínez Peró RM. Muerte súbita cardíaca relacionada con el deporte. Rev.Cub.Med.Dep.&Cult.Fis. [Internet]. 9 de octubre de 2020 [citado 25 de diciembre de 2024];14(2). Disponible en: https://revmedep.sld.cu/index.php/medep/article/view/37
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